Effective and detailed assessment and monitoring of wildlife resources is a key component to the successful conservation of species and habitats. Many of the action plans for species require both baseline surveys and on-going monitoring programmes to assess the distribution and viability of populations, and to assess the favourable status of species as part of the conservation strategy. This module will critically evaluate the use and effectiveness of surveys in conservation as well as analyse methods and problems encountered in survey design and planning. Current standard procedures for collating and analysing species and habitat data will be reviewed and evaluated and, where appropriate new techniques and methodologies will be investigated.